<b>Belleza sin autoría: Una visión pluralista de la apreciación estética de la naturaleza</b> // Beauty without Authorship: A Pluralist Vision of the Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2015.6.2.668Keywords:
Naturaleza, estética, cognitivismo, pluralismo, Carlson, nature, aesthetics, cognitivism, pluralismAbstract
Resumen
¿Puede la naturaleza ser estéticamente apreciada tal y como lo son las obras de arte? ¿Es posible establecer criterios objetivos para apreciar correctamente la naturaleza? ¿Cuáles son los rasgos que definen una adecuada apreciación estética de los objetos y paisajes naturales? El debate sobre estas cuestiones debe gran parte de su importancia al “cognitivismo estético” del filósofo Allen Carlson. Según este enfoque, el conocimiento científico de los objetos y entornos naturales representa para la apreciación estética de la naturaleza el mismo papel que desempeña la historia y la crítica del arte en la esfera artística. Por tanto, responder a esas preguntas requiere un diálogo con sus principales ideas y con los enfoques no cognitivistas que han puesto de manifiesto sus debilidades. En este artículo se realiza un análisis de la estética ambiental en la línea de los denominados enfoques pluralistas o integradores. Estos enfoques conciben la adecuada apreciación estética de la naturaleza como una equilibrada consideración de lo que la naturaleza es en sí misma, asumiendo algunas premisas del modelo cognitivista y determinados componentes subjetivos, tales como la imaginación o las emociones. En este planteamiento integrador se señala como factor clave la configuración de la apreciación estética de la naturaleza como un proceso en el que las cualidades estéticas de los objetos naturales y las dimensiones subjetivas se entrelazan a lo largo del tiempo, de modo que la percepción de cualidades estéticas formales, el conocimiento empírico de la naturaleza y la reflexión sobre cuestiones filosóficas más amplias se muestran como una totalidad indivisible.
Abstract
Can nature be aesthetically appreciated as artworks are? Is it possible to establish objective criteria to appreciate nature correctly? What are the features which define an adequate aesthetic appreciation of natural objects and landscapes? The debate about these issues has been encouraged by the so-called Allen Carlson’s “aesthetic cognitivism”. According to this approach, the scientific knowledge of natural objects and environments represents for the aesthetic appreciation of nature the same function as art history and criticism play in the artistic realm. Therefore, to answer those questions requires a dialog with its main ideas and with the non-cognitivist approaches which have pointed out its flaws. In this article an analysis of the environmental aesthetics is carried out along the lines of the so-called pluralist or integrated approaches. These approaches understand the adequate aesthetic appreciation of nature as a balanced consideration about what nature is in itself, accepting some premises of the cognitivist model and some subjective factors as imagination or emotions. In this pluralist approach it is emphasized the shaping of the aesthetic appreciation of nature as a process, in which the aesthetic qualities of natural objects and the subjective dimensions intertwine over time, so that the perception of formal aesthetic qualities, the empirical knowledge of nature and the reflection over broader philosophical questions appear as an indivisible whole.
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