<b>Del lago a la montaña: La traducción del sentido trágico unamuniano a través del valor simbólico del paisaje cultural</b> // From the Lake into the Mountain: Translating the Unamunian Tragic Sense across the Symbolic Value of the Cultural Landscape
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2014.5.1.589Keywords:
Simbolismo, existencialismo, paisaje cultural, Unamuno, traductor-autor, traductor-lector, conciencia// Symbolism, existentialism, Cultural Landscape, Author-Translator, Reader-Translator, ConsciousnessAbstract
En la obra San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933), la intrahistoria de las conciencias de sus personajes, el paisaje cultural y el pueblo de Valverde de Lucerna (Zamora) hacen emerger la contradicción existencial de Unamuno. ¿Cómo recoge el traductor-lector en distintos momentos históricos el valor simbólico de la naturaleza en una obra como esta y cómo lo reproduce? ¿Qué carga histórica y cultural tienen elementos como el lago y la montaña en civilizaciones como la española y la alemana? En esta obra, que refleja la paradoja humana del “creer y no creer”, la conciencia del “yo” histórico unamuniano emerge a través de una narración indirecta, en la que el simbolismo de lo rural y la naturaleza frente a lo burgués y lo civilizado representa una tensión fundamental a lo largo de todo el libro, permitiendo en la propia interpretación del discurso una rehabilitación de su sentido existencial y cultural. De este modo, la obra cobra en sí misma un valor simbólico gracias al escenario sugerido por el lago (de Sanabria en San Martín de Castañeda), el convento (las ruinas del convento de Bernardos) y la montaña (la Peña del Buitre), que representan lo más íntimo y profundo de la conciencia unamuniana en la España de la Generación del 98. Tras analizar el valor simbólico de los elementos naturales, compararemos tres traducciones al alemán de San Manuel Bueno, mártir, centrándonos en la interpretación de la naturaleza, en su sentido más existencial y cultural.
Abstract
In the novel San Manuel Bueno, mártir (1933), Unamuno's existential contradiction is expressed through the intra-history of the characters, the cultural landscape and the village of Valverde de Lucerna. How does the translator-reader identify and reproduce the symbolic value of nature at different moments in history? What kind of historical and cultural connotations do elements like a lake or a mountain have in Spanish and German culture? This novel reflects the human paradox of believing or not, the consciousness of the unamunian historical “self” that emerges throughout an indirect narrative in which the symbolism of nature and the constraints of the civilized world are in constant opposition. Thus, the novel gains a symbolic value due to the scenery suggested by the lake of Sanabria (in the village of San Martín de Castañeda), the ruins of convent of Bernardos and the mountain (Peña del Buitre). They represent the most intimate and deep aspect of unamunian consciousness, typical of the Generación del 98's Spain. After describing the symbolic value of these natural elements, three translations into German of San Manuel Bueno, mártir shall be analyzed focusing on the interpretation of nature in an existential and cultural sense.
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