<b>“La Questione Animale” di Anna Maria Ortese: <i>Alonso e i visionari</i> e l’etica del soccorso</b> // “The Animal Question” and Anna Maria Ortese. <i>Alonso and The Visionaries</i> and the Ethics of Piety and Care // La cuestión animal y Anna Maria Ortese. <i>Alonso y los visionarios</i> y la ética de la piedad y del “socorro”
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.37536/ECOZONA.2016.7.2.907Mots-clés :
Ortese, ecocritica, postumano, pietà, soccorso // Ortese, ecocriticism, animal studies, piety, care // Ortese, ecocrítica, posthumano, piedad, socorroRésumé
L’elaborato si propone di analizzare il pensiero ecologico di Anna Maria Ortese, concentrandosi su Alonso e i visionari, testo che, seppur trascurato dal pubblico e dalla critica, può essere considerato il manifesto dell’intera poetica ortesiana. Il credo dell’autrice è infatti rivolto ad annullare la differenza tra umano e non umano, a combattere per l’inclusione dell’animale nel circolo etico, a difendere i diritti di tutti gli esseri viventi e non viventi, alla ricerca di una forma di pensiero più inclusiva e che si fondi su nuovi valori come l’amore, la pietà, la partecipazione al dolore e il “soccorso” a tutte le creature e alla Terra stessa. Propongo di rileggere Alonso e i visionari da una prospettiva ecologica al fine di dimostrare non solo come l’autrice partecipi al dibattito su “La questione animale” al centro degli studi sull’animalità, ma come anticipi spesso riflessioni e considerazioni di filosofi e pensatori del Novecento, tra cui Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze e Guattari.
Abstract
This essay aims to analyze Anna Maria Ortese’s ecological thought, which significantly distinguishes her last novel, Alonso e i visionari. I believe that the novel, which has been overlooked both by critics and by readers, can be considered as the manifesto of the author’s poetics. Indeed, it summarizes the writer’s tenets, devoted to annulling the difference between human and nonhuman world, to struggling for the animal’s inclusion in the moral community, to proposing an understanding of intelligence that combines reason, compassion, and care for both human and nonhuman beings as well as for the entire planet Earth itself. I suggest reading the novel from an ecocritical perspective to illustrate how Ortese anticipates Braidotti’s posthuman thought, and provides original theoretical frameworks and criteria for exploring fundamental issues of “The Animal Question” even before such themes commanded the attention of prominent twentieth-century philosophers such as Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze, and Guattari.
Resumen
Este ensayo analiza el pensamiento ecológico de Anna Maria Ortese y examina la novela Alonso e i visionari, que puede ser considerada como el manifiesto de la obra ortesiana, aunque la obra no tuvo gran éxito de público ni de crítica en el momento de su publicación. El credo de la autora pretende invalidar la diferencia entre humano y no humano, luchar por la inclusión de los animales en el círculo ético, defender los derechos de todos los seres, buscar una tipología de pensamiento más inclusiva y que se base no solo en la razón sino en nuevos valores como el amor, la piedad, la participación en el dolor y la ayuda a todas las criaturas que lo necesiten, lo que la autora llama emblemáticamente “soccorso”. Mi trabajo sugiere una lectura de la novela desde una perspectiva ecocrítica para mostrar que Ortese participa en el debate conocido como “La cuestión de los animales,” y de la misma manera, anticipa el pensamiento de Braidotti sobre el posthumano y algunas consideraciones de destacados filósofos del siglo XX, como Agamben, Cavalieri, Derrida, Deleuze y Guattari.
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